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Hudspeth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,476.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48229.html )〕 Its county seat is Sierra Blanca,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 and the largest community is Fort Hancock. The county is named for Claude Benton Hudspeth, a state senator and United States Representative from El Paso.〔 It is northeast from the Mexican border. Hudspeth County is included in the El Paso, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas. Hudspeth is one of only two Texas counties to observe the Mountain Time Zone. ==History== Prehistoric Jornada Mogollón peoples〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Texas Beyond History ) Texas Beyond History〕 were practicing agriculture in the Rio Grande floodplain A.D. 900–1350. These people left behind artifacts and pictographs as evidence of their presence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Texas Beyond History ) Texas Beyond History〕 The Rodriguez-Sanchez Expedition〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 of 1581 encountered friendly Indians bestowing gifts upon the explorers. Antonio de Espejo〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 1582-83 expedition encountered Otomoaco Indians in the county. The Mescalero Apache〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=R E. Moore and Texarch Associates ) R E. Moore and Texarch Associates〕 frequented the area to irrigate their crops. In 1849 John Salmon "RIP" Ford〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 explored the area between San Antonio and El Paso noting in his mapped report the productive land upon which the Mescalero Indians farmed. By the mid-17th century the Mescaleros expanded their territory to the Plains Navajos and Pueblos from the Guadalupes, and El Paso del Norte. Their feared presence deterred white settlers. In January 1870, a group of soldiers attacked a Mescalero Apache village near Delaware Creek in the Guadalupe Mountains. In July 1880 soldiers at Tinaja de las Palmas attacked a group of Mescaleros led by Chief Victorio. In August 1880, Buffalo Soldiers ambushed Victorio at Rattlesnake Springs. Victorio retreated to Mexico and was killed in October by Mexican soldiers.〔 Stanford L. Davis, M.A.〕 Two weeks later, Apaches killed seven Buffalo Soldiers,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Texas Historical Markers )Texas Historical Markers〕 members of the famous black Tenth United States Cavalry. The demand for new routes from Texas to California caused an uptick in explorations.〔 Texas State Historical Association.〕 The San Antonio to El Paso leg of the San Antonio-California Trail was surveyed in 1848 under the direction of John Coffee Hays. Hudspeth became known as a place travelers passed through, on their way to somewhere else. Fort Quitman was established in 1858 to provide protection for travelers. Lt. Francis Theodore Bryan〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 camped at Guadalupe Pass while exploring a route from San Antonio to El Paso via Fredericksburg. Upon reaching El Paso in July 1849 his report recommended sink wells along the route. In July 1848, Secretary of War William L. Marcy wanted a military post established on the north side of the Rio Grande. Maj. Jefferson Van Horne〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 was sent out in 1849 to establish Marcy's goal. John Russell Bartlett〔 Texas State Historical Association〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=The John Russell Bartlett Society )〕 was commissioned in 1850 to carry out the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Bartlett declared the Guadalupe Mountains dark and gloomy, and proposed a transcontinental railroad be built south of the peaks. Three years later, Capt. John Pope〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 was sent to scout out a railroad route, and in the succeeding year to search for artesian water supplies. Texas Commissioner Robert Simpson Neighbors 〔 Texas State Historic〕 was sent by Governor Peter Hansborough Bell in 1850 to organize El Paso. The Butterfield Overland Mail and the San Antonio-San Diego Mail 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=State of California Parks Department )〕 served the county from 1857 to 1861. These mail coaches provided a means for travelers to reach California in 27 days, if the passenger had the $200 for a one-way fare and was courageous enough to withstand the weather and dangers en route. Men from San Elizario and the other villages along the Rio Grande near El Paso had become dependent on the salt trade〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. ) Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC.〕 for their livelihoods. After the Civil War they broke a road from Fort Quitman to the Salt Basin in northeastern Hudspeth County. But Anglo politicians tried to capitalize on this trade by asserting ownership of the salt lakes and levying fees on the traders. The result was the 7-year San Elizario Salt War,〔 Texas State Historical Association〕 which heightened tensions between Mexicans and Americans in the 1870s. Rival railway companies began competing for rights of way. The Texas and Pacific Railway〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Texas and Pacific Railway )〕 and the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Texas Transportation Museum )〕 eventually reached an agreement to share the tracks, with a number of towns arising along the way Hudspeth was formed in 1917 from El Paso. Sierra Blanca was named the county seat, and has the only adobe courthouse〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. ) Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC.〕 in the state of Texas. From 1992 to 2002, the county accepted over 200 tons per day of treated, dried sewage from New York City. The waste was spread over a remote site in the county.〔Minor drug busts at border checkpoint breaking Texas county’s budget, by Andrew Becker and G W Shulz, 19 June 2013, Center for Investigative Reporting〕 In recent times Hudspeth County has become notorious as a location for frequent drug arrests for individuals traveling east on Interstate 10 from El Paso, due to the presence of a US Border Patrol checkpoint. Several celebrities, including touring musicians Willie Nelson, Snoop Dogg, and Fiona Apple, and actor Armie Hammer have been arrested on drug charges at this location. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hudspeth County, Texas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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